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In May 1911, King Rama VI created the Wild
Tiger Corps (Sua Pa). It was a nationwide, paramilitary corps.
The purpose of the Wild Tigers was four -fold. It was intended
to give all Thai exempted from service in the regular armed forces,
notably all middle and high level civil servants, an opportunity
to receive military training. Second, the Corps was expected
to promote unity in the society by bringing men from diverse
backgrounds together in one organisation. Third, the Sua Pa,
like the British Volunteer Force that the King had observed at
first hand in Britain and after which he had modeled the Wild
Tigers, would help maintain law and order in the countryside
and provide reserve troops in the event of war. Finally, in keeping
with its namesake, the Sua Pa Maew Morn of the army of King Naresuan
(1590-1605), the Corps would provide advance scouts for the regular
army, seeking out the enemy, pinpointing his whereabouts and
reporting on his activities. The King made a special point of
emphasising that the Wild Tiger Corps was meant to assist, and
not replace, the regular armed forces.
The King also created in 1911 a junior
division of the Wild Tigers called the Luk Sua or Tiger Cubs.
This organisation was based on Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts movement.
Thailand was only the third country in the world to form a national
unit. The purpose of the Tiger Cubs was given in its official
regulations:
Children in school can receive moral
and physical training in order for them to gain knowledge of
the ways of the Wild Tigers. When they grow up they will already
know the duties of a Thai citizen and will behave in such a manner
that will benefit their nation. Training will encourage them
to think properly and will have to begin at an early age. Our
children are analogous to a sapling which can be bent into any
shape. When such a tree grows old the only way to bend it is
by applying heat and even then one runs the risk of breaking
it.
The rules and regulations of the Tiger
Corps were similar to those of the Wild Tigers. The King was
the Supreme Commander who headed a committee of four men which
supervised each unit. Local contingents first had to secure the
permission of this committee before initiating any new procedures.
The Chief Inspector and his staff toured the country to make
sure that Bangkok's directives were being followed. The Chief
Inspector, with the consent of the King, appointed all local
commanders. The first group to be formed was located at the recently
opened Royal Pages School. At first, the King was under the impression
that this unit was prospering. He wrote, "All boys are clamoring
to be admitted; but I am putting the brakes on a bit here, because
I do not want it to get out of hand and thus defeat its own objective.
I have the greatest hope in the boy scouts who are later to form
the backbone of our nation."
Soon, his optimism was shattered. In February,
1912 when the Royal Pages School's unit arrived at Sanam Chan
Palace to participate in the planned Wild Tigers maneuvers, the
King was dismayed by the small turnout. Questioning the commander,
he was told that many mothers and fathers, whose permission was
necessary to join, had refused, fearing it was only a devious
method to draft their children into the army. Such parental anxieties
were not new to the King. Several years earlier, parents had
behaved the same way when they were told to send their children
to the first public schools. As the former Inspector-General
of the Army, the King had gained first-hand experience with how
hard most people would try to avoid the draft. Accordingly, he
acted fast to dispel these false notions about the Luk Sua. A
company of actors was formed to tour the countryside to perform
the King's play, Hua Chai Nak Rop (The Heart of a Fighter).
The plot concerns a father who refused
to allow his son to join the movement. At the conclusion of the
play, the father finally realises the benefits of the Tiger Cub
when they save his life by repelling the foreign enemy. At the
same time, the King commanded the Ministry of Education and the
Luk Sua to co-ordinate their activities at the local level so
that parents could easily appreciate the educational benefits
of the Tiger Cubs. In the years to come, the Tiger Cubs managed
to surmount these difficulties to become a firmly established
organisation.
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